Arrangements for Tesco Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2186 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Essay Question: Research and evaluate the corporate governance arrangements for Tesco PLC Tesco Plc, one of the largest food and beverages retailers in the world is a non-cyclical company that has seen enormous investment from around the globe including Warren Buffets parent firm Berkshire Hathaway. On grounds of the companys established strategy and mature business model it is a recommended investment for the client. The report: Defines Corporate Governance Discusses Tescos governance structure Value drivers for corporate governance Corporate Governance: The fundamental pillar as to how corporations are run day to day and all stakeholder interests (shareholders, management, suppliers etc) are taken into consideration is referred to as Corporate Governance. The term encompasses the framework for internal controls that a company has in place to help management and those in charge of running the company to act in the best interests of the shareholders (CFA Institute, 2013). Principles relevant to Corporate Governance that achieve maximum shareholder wealth are attributed to three fundamentals (CFA Institute, 2013): Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Arrangements for Tesco Example For Free" essay for you Create order Ability of shareholders to voice their opinions and concerns in regard to running of the company with minimum hassle; and The management responsible for running the company acts in an ethical as well as an independent capacity towards all stakeholders of the company so as to ensure the most efficient running of the corporation Consistent high quality financial reporting so as to ensure investors are receiving all relevant information in a timely and verifiable manner that eventually results in maximum profitable allocation of resources and capital. Tesco PLC Structure of Governance Tescos operations around the globe have allowed it to develop a strong and fair framework for running the company across all the markets it operates in. The Board of Directors incorporating the Chairman, the Chief-Executive alongside Non-Executive Directors who provide independent appraisal of the vision of the company whilst adding insight to the strategy lies at the forefront of governance (Tesco, 2014). Furthermore, a senior Independent Director is also present on the Board to ensure all conflicts amongst management and shareholders are resolved in the interests of the shareholders which eventually prevents any agency problems or front running by the management in regard to the shareholder investments. The specialised tasks of running the company have called for segregations of major duties to respective committees in the corporation. At present Tesco Plc supports its vision with the help of five committees (Tesco, 2014). Tesco PLC Board Committees The major drivers of each committee alongside its evolvement over the years are summarised below. The Audit Committee: The committee is tasked to ensure that the risk management principles for the company are effective and are consistently updated to keep risk management of Tesco in line with its strategy (Tesco, 2014). Furthermore, interim audits and financial disclosures are verifiable and accurately presented to any person who demands knowledge of them. The Audit committee is also responsible for recommending the appointment of an independent external auditor for the yearly audit and conducting inquiries into management in regard to any investigative matter it deems fit (Tesco, 2014). Over the years the committee has hired external legal counsel to advice on matters that have raised concern. Corporate Governance Critique for Tesco Presence of knowledgeable financial experts to help the operating environment of the company External auditors appointed through shareholder participation and not by management decision Adherence report in regard to compliance with the UK Governance Code Continuous training of personnel on the committee to remain updated on matters of accountancy and finance The Remuneration Committee: The Remunerations committee is primarily responsible for determining the compensation agreements of senior management as well as analyse structure of compensations that needs to be extended out to Executive members so as to retain the most competent and diligent executive management for overseeing the company (Tesco, 2014). The committee sets out the incentive fee specifications for senior management as well as deliberates on the aptness of expenses that can be claimed by management so as to focus on long term profitability and not short term goals (Tesco, 2014). Corporate Governance Critique for Tesco Disclosures regarding share scheme payments to management are discussed in the Annual Reports or any other public document Clawback provisions are present to discourage management from participating in short term profitability at the expense of long term ones Use of external counsels and consultants to ensure no conflict arises in regard to compensation between management and the committee Outlining philosophy for compensation to management and shareholders so as to assess compensation in Best case and Worst case situations The Corporate Responsibility Committee: The committee was established in 2012 and incorporates the principles of the Companies Act 2006 to help govern its scope of operation (Tesco, 2014). The committee ensures Tesco acts in a sustainable manner to benefit the communities and environment. Moreover, it considers impact of corporate actions by Tesco or any of its subsidiaries on the ethical culture present across all its markets of operation. Corporate Governance Critique for Tesco Consistent and timely updates on ethical stances of Tesco throughout its financial year and implications of such actions on the communities Updating investor and consumer beliefs in regard to sustainable business model and sourcing of operations for Tesco Plc Develop strong communication channels to ensure investors are aware of business model and the company is living up to its reputation The Nominations Committee: The Nominations committee lies at the heart of the company. It is tasked primarily with all matters relevant to management. Acting in accordance with the Companies Act 2006, the committee ensures that executives on the board possess relevant skill to discharge duties, project a vision for the achievement of goals and the balance required between executive and the non-executive directors so as to maintain independence within the organisation (Tesco, 2014). Furthermore, the committee deals with regular appraisal of management so as to make sure the leadership quality of the board is not compromised. Since its development the committee has also taken up the responsibility to ensure that equitable nomination procedures are drawn and implemented on a firm wide basis as well as a smooth transition mechanism is prevalent for passing over of responsibility when managerial personnel change. Corporate Governance Critique for Tesco Presence of independent members ensure shareholder interests are at the forefront of discussion Linking management performance to compensation by means of regular appraisals helps Tesco ensure that it is extending out the most cost-effective expertise at every level The Disclosures Committee: The committee not only makes sure that consistency prevails in financial statements making them easily verifiable but also scrutinizes the annual reports to ensure that accounting estimates or policies are not inappropriate for treatment of various matters (including financial and operating leases) (Tesco, 2014). The committee also deals with incorporating a framework within the firm to handle material nonpublic information and how it is to be disclosed. Corporate Governance Critique for Tesco Helps ensure effective risk management with regard to insider information and assessing best course of action to dealing with speculations in the market Enhancing investor confidence by making sure that notes to the financial statements are comparable over periods of time The Corporate Governance framework at the Executive Management level is limited to the Board, the Boards composition and the committees formed to review their respective matters. To deal with corporate governance on a business strategy level Tesco ensures that each division possesses its own strategic plan to enhance performance and help achieve the companys vision. The committees can be thought of as being responsible for a distinct business segment of the company and at the moment are made up of the following (Tesco, 2014): Compliance Committee Multichannel Committee People Matters Group Property Strategy Committee Social Responsibility Committee Technology Committee Commercial Committee Given the nature of the work of such committees the overall oversight responsibility lies with the Chief Executive of the company. These add value by ensuring the laying down of a strategy for fulfillment of objectives. A brief critical outline for other minor stakeholders is also provided below. However, corporate governance should be more closely linked with management, the Board and shareholders. (CFA Institute, 2013). Customers Tescos Clubcard rewards programmes and the Finest Product range helps the mature company retain its trusted image. Customers see such aspects as the most value efficient means for satisfying their needs. A store format from hypermarkets to corner stores ensures that each store type caters to the unique needs of the community it is housed in. Tescos ability to house a multichannel leadership under one roof helps keep barriers to new entrants high and protect market share in the UK. Employees Tesco places immense importance on the skill and betterment of its employees. The company trained more than 250,000 employees last year in light of turning around the company. The employees are not only encouraged to suggest improvements in stores or company policies through Tescos feedback approach but are also made to feel as an intangible asset of the company by continuous investment in their betterment. Regulators Legislation has a huge impact on how Tesco conducts its businesses around the globe. The impact is further magnified when the companys policies are in the spotlight. Anti-competitive and employment legislation have affected Tesco the most over the years, whether in developing or developed markets (Tesco, 2014). For a better public image and to comply with local legislation Tesco actively hires from the local community where new stores are opened. Furthermore, Tesco actively participates in sustainability projects where its huge hypermarket stores open up so as to benefit the community. Suppliers Tescos significant market share allows it to obtain favorable terms from its suppliers from a monetary point of view whereas special teams such as the agricultural team within the corporation help make sure that the company obtains products of utmost quality from its suppliers (Tesco, 2014). Moreover, the protector line initiative by Tesco under which any wrongdoing on part of the supplier can be raised by the suppliers employees on behalf of Tesco would enable Tesco to improve its operations (Tesco, 2014). Having analysed the broad corporate governance framework prevalent at Tesco, improvements that can be instituted to reflect better corporate publicity and reputation are related to three main aspects of the company. The table below illustrates methods for strengthening the prevalent model. The Board Election policy of the Board members should be with staggered whilst keeping a majority of independent members at all times thus making sure that shareholders interests are paramount Related party transactions or any conflict of interest arising from people serving on the Board should be disclosed in all interim reports and annual reports The board should meet without the presence of the management so as to prevent any over riddance of independence Little or no barriers to communication with investors or shareholders should be prevalent Management Establish a Code of Ethics to dictate corporate culture of the firm Increased transparency of options, their exercise period and fees paid out to management for their services rendered (currently amounts disclosed in Financial Statements) Choosing the optimal peer group to benchmark performance so as to allow for the most meaningful comparison The use of company assets and property should be limited to circumstances as determined by shareholders and the usage as such should be disclosed at the Annual General Meeting Shareholders Use of different share classes with different voting powers are fully known to the shareholder Whether the company allows for shareholders to cast their vote in absence (proxy voting) Procedure for raising concerns at the Annual General Meeting Procedures that need approval from the shareholders prior to implementation by the management ( such as defenses in takeovers) Recommendation Summary The complex and ever-changing nature of Corporate Governance does not allow for a limited set of principles that govern the matters. The interpretation of the framework for the corporate governance lies with the collaborate interaction of the shareholders and the management. Given Tescos strong framework to delegate matters of public interest and scrutiny to committees independent of the Board and delegating internal strategy vision to segments within the corporation, Tesco successfully ensures that all stakeholder interests are looked after at all times. The continuous updating of the foundations that form the Corporate Governance framework allows the company to retain its strong customer base and investor confidence. The internal review and revamping of the companys strategic committees after the Horse-meat scandal ensure that the company strives to deliver the very best of responsibility at all levels. Given the responsibilities of various committees of the Board and a Cor porate Code of Ethics within the firm it is safe to conclude that the company has established an effective corporate governance framework. Reference List CFA Institute (2013). Corporate Finance Portfolio Management. USA: Wiley. Tesco PLC [2014] Annual Report [Online] Available from www.Tescoplc.com/files/pdf/reports/ar14/download_annual_report.pdf Bibliography Gray, I. Manson, S. (2011). The Audit Process. 5th ed. USA: South Western Cengage Learning. Hillier, D., Ross, S. Westerfield, R. (2010). Corporate Finance. 1st European Edition UK: McGraw-Hill Higher Education Robinson, T., Greuning,H., Henry,E. Broihahn, M. (2009). International Financial Statement Analysis. USA: John Wiley Sons Inc Seal, W., Garrison, R. Noreen, E. (2009). Management Accounting. UK: McGraw Hill Higher Education

Yjt Task 1 - 1224 Words

YJT Task 1 Sherrie Byrd 000550774 March 5, 2016 Purpose: The purpose of this speech is to persuade my audience that music can be used to help with stress as well as pain. I want my audience to see that the use of music in everyday life is good for the mind, body and soul. My central idea is that music is what can be used in the medical field as therapy use for pain, stress relief and in everyone’s everyday life. Intended Audience: My ideal audience for this speech would be those of any age that will be willing to try the power of music. The topic would also be beneficial to a larger group as in doctor, nurses, and anyone in the medical field whom help patients with pain or stress.†¦show more content†¦Music is what makes the body feel no pain†¦.. 3 Audience Questions/Responses: a. Can music be used for chronic pain or acute pain? Music can be used for both chronic and acute pain in the right setting and with the correct supervision. As stated in the article Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, in contrast to acute pain, which requires a pain stimulus to be present, the perception of pain in chronic pain occurs even though no current pain stimulus is present. Linnemann, A., Kappert, M. B., Fischer, S., Doerr, J. M., Strahler, J., Nater, U. M. (2015) b. So what type of music reduces stress the best? Well this will depend on what type of music is best suited to your taste. If you have had a long and hard day at work, maybe Mozart classical is best for your or if you are like me I de-stress with upbeat music like the song â€Å"Blurred Lines†, by Robin Thicke. It will depend on what the mood is for and the music that is best for you. c. What hormone in the body is relieved by music? The stress hormone, cortisol. According to the journal The Effect of Music on the Human Stress Response was significant positive changes in cortisol were reported when listening to music before and / or during medical interventions considered stressful (decreases and lower increases in cortisol). Thoma, M. V., La Marca, R.,Show MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech : School Officials Should Focus And Advocate For Visual And Music Art Based Programs1516 Words   |  7 PagesMary McGraw, SN# xxx, YJT Task 1 (0615) Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to persuade my audience that school officials should focus on and advocate for visual and music art based programs, making them a continued part of the school curricula because such programs facilitate the learning process for all students and should never be eliminated. Also, art based programs provides a well-rounded education and levels the playing field for at risk youths that are socioeconomic disadvantaged

Principles of Statutory Interpretation

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Statutory Interpretation. Answer: Introduction: In this case, the issue before the Federal Court of Australia was to review the decision delivered by the Migration Review Tribunal. It was the finding of the Tribunal that it did not have the jurisdiction as the review application has been filed late by the applicant. The court also had to decide if the Minister's department had properly notified the applicant regarding the delegate's decision. In this case, the applicant had provided an incomplete residential and postal address while making his visa application. However subsequently, the applicant provided a document to the department in which his complete address, residential as well as postal, was set out. However the department failed to use this address. Under these circumstances, the Court was of the view that the Migration Review Tribunal's decision should be quashed and the Tribunal should re-determine the application made by the applicant in accordance with law. In this case, Mr. Yelaswarapu made an application for a Student (Temporary) Visa online. While answering the questions mentioned in the online form, he provided a purported postal address which was also his purported residential address. In the decision made by the delegate of the minister, it was decided to refuse granting the visa to Mr. Yelaswarapu. The delegate was of the opinion that evidence was not present to support the fact that Mr. Yelaswarapu had maintained enrollment in an appropriate full-time course as required for the grant of visa and he also failed to fulfill condition 8516 and regulation 573.235, migration regulations, 1994. This decision of the delegate was sent to Mr. Yelaswarapu through registered post at the purported residential and postal address of the applicant in Westmead under cover of a letter on 7 December 2011. However the Department of Immigration and Citizenship got back the letter On 14 December 2011 with a note in which it was mentioned, RTS Insufficient Address. The delegate's decision was resent by the department through registered post on 22 December 2011 to another address on Everton Road, Strathfield. However the department got back the letter and a box was ticked according to which the item was not claimed. Under the circumstances, an e-mail was sent by the department to Mr. Yelaswarapu in which it was mentioned that the visa application of Mr. Yelaswarapu had been assessed and finalized by the Department. It was also mentioned in the e-mail that as a result of an administrative error, the decision letter was also forward it to the address on Everton Road and it asked for an update d postal address. In reply to this e-mail, the department got an e-mail from Mr. Yelaswarapu in which it was as bad the letter should be forwarded to the address on Baresford Road, Strathfield. As a result, the department sent a letter to this address and after some time it got an application to review the decision made by the delegate. Thereafter, the Tribunal wrote a letter to Mr. Yelaswarapu inviting him to comment on the validity of his application. It was indicated in this letter that the Tribunal held a preliminary view according to which the application has not been lodged by Mr. Yelaswarapu within the prescribed time limit, which was 21 days from which he can be considered to have been notified regarding the decision of the delegate. In return, a fax was received by the Tribunal in which a migration agent was appointed by Mr. Yelaswarapu and he also expressed surprise that when the department had received back the notification letter, why Mr. Yelaswarapu was not contacted th rough e-mail or on his telephone. Under these circumstances, the Tribunal reached at the decision that it did not have the jurisdiction. The fact was noted by the Tribunal that the applicant had to provide contact details to the Department so that the department could contact Mr.Yelaswarapu and give them the notice regarding decision and other matters regarding which the department is under an obligation to inform the applicant. The Tribunal also noted that the responsibility was imposed on the applicant to make sure that the information provided by him is correct and similarly, multiple contact details are given to the department, but the department is not under an obligation to send notifications through all the methods. While arriving at the decision regarding the fact that MRT had the jurisdiction to deal with the matter, the Court was of the opinion that the visa application that had been made by Mr. Yelaswarapu online was not a valid application until an identifiable residential address was provided by him. He did so when he gave a copy of his health insurance policy to the Department. Further, the court stated that if the Department of the minister had decided to correspond with the applicant to an address that is insufficient for making a valid visa application, instead of the other address that was available with the department to be used for the purpose of correspondence, it can be said that the Department failed to comply with the notification requirements. The court also rejected the submission of the Minister that the first purported notification regarding the decision of the delegate was a valid notice for the purpose of section 66(1), Migration Act. As is the case with the Tribunal, the Minister's Department also had the requirement to make obvious inquiries regarding a critical threat that can be made easily. When the Department received back the first notification letter with comments that it was insufficiently addressed, the department tried to find an alternative address from the Education Department and later on, by contacting the applicant. However it could have been simpler for the department to simply look into its own files for the obviously missing unit number but it was not done. Therefore, the Court stated that an error had been made by the minister's delegate when the applicant was not notified regarding the decision on his complete residential address, that was available on the files of the department. What principles of statutory interpretation (if any) were utilized by the Federal Court in this case? Statutory interpretation can be described as the process that is used for interpreting and applying the various laws to decide the cases. Integration is required when subtle or ambiguous aspects of a particular statute are involved in the case. Generally the words used in the statute have a straightforward and a plain meaning but sometimes, it is possible to have some vagueness or ambiguity in the words used in the statute that has to be resolved by the court. Such vagueness or ambiguity in the legislation is the basic nature of language. Hence it is not always possible to transform the intention of the legislature exactly in the written words. Some of the significant rules of statutory interpretation are the:- Literal Rule: According to this rule, the statute has to be interpreted with the help of the ordinary meaning of the language used in the statute, unless some of the terms have been explicitly defined by the statute as otherwise. Mischief Rule: under this rule, efforts are mad e to decide the intention of the legislators. The role was created in the 16th century case in UK and the purpose of this rule is to decide the mischief and defect that the statute in question tries to remedy. The third primary rule of statutory interpretation is the golden rule. It can be described as a compromise between the literal rule (that is in favor of plain meaning) and the mischief rule. Therefore, like the literal rule, this rule also gives plain and ordinary meaning to the words of the statute. But if doing so may result in an irrational result that was not the intention of the legislature, the rule allows the judge to depart from such a meaning. In the present case, the court considered the words used in regulation 2.07, Migration Regulations and arrived at the conclusion that the application made by Mr. Yelaswarapu was not a valid application as there was no complete residential address on which he may be contacted. Bibliography Einer Elhauge (2008) Statutory Default Rules: How to Interpret Unclear Legislation. Harvard University Press, p. 148 Garner, Bryan A.. Ed. (1999) Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing. p.602 Antonin Scalia and Bryan A. Garne (2012) Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legal Texts Singh v Minister for Immigration [2011] FCAFC 27 Smith vs. Hughes [1960] 2 All E.R. 859 Xie v Minister for Immigration [2005] FCAFC 172 Zhang v Minister for Immigration [2007] FCAFC 151exts

Volleyball Essays - Ball Games, Team Sports, Summer Olympic Sports

Volleyball History The sport of volleyball originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports. Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week. In 1895, William G. Morgan an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head. During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps volleyball would be a more descriptive name for the sport. On July 7, 1900 at Springfield College the first game of volleyball was played. In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport. Volleyball can be played indoors and outdoors. It was adopted as an indoor Olympic sport in 1964 at Tokyo. In 1984 the United States men and women won their first Olympic Volleyball medals. In 1996, two-person beach volleyball was approved as an Olympic Sport. Today's NCAA Volleyball is more popular and exciting than ever. Some top collegian programs include Long Beach State, Penn State, BYU, UCLA, Hawaii and Stanford. Some of the best players ever to play the sport include Karch Kiraly, Gabrielle Reese, Sinjin Smith, Misty May and Ryan Millar. Today the game of volleyball requires team strategies and highly refined individual skills. Outdoor volleyball, which is played with two or four people for each side, is becoming more and more popular across the nation Overview A typical volleyball game lasts about 25 minutes. It is a team sport played by two teams consisting of six people on a playing court divided by a net. The object of the game is for each team to send the ball regularly over a net in order to ground it on the opponents' side, and to prevent the opponents from doing the same. The ball is put into play by the right back row player who serves the ball into their opponent's court. The rally continues until the ball is grounded on the playing court, goes "out" or a team fails to return it properly. Only the team, which is serving, can score a point. The players are split into back and front row; the players in the front are usually the key hitters and the ones who will get the ball passes/set to. The players in the back row normally concentrate on defense and passing the ball to the setter who is the main person in the offensive attack. A team wins a game by scoring 15 points with a two-point advantage; and the match by winning the best three of five games. In a deciding, fifth game, which is called a rally game, a point is scored no matter which team is serving. A team earns a point when serving and when they side-out. Rules A team is allowed to hit the ball three times (not counting a block contact) to return it to the opponent's court. A player may not catch, lift, scoop, or throw the ball. They also may not hit the ball twice consecutively when attempting a pass or block. In a regular volleyball game, only the serving team may score a point. A player may serve anywhere behind the backline, but between the court's boundary/side lines. A point is scored if the serving team wins the rally. If the serving team does not win the rally then it is a side-out to the other team. When the receiving team wins a rally, it gains the right to serve, and its players rotate one position clockwise. For instance, the player in the right back move to middle back, the player in left back moves to left front. Rotation ensures that players play both the front row and the back

Krob free essay sample

Whereas naval units of the Communist regime in Vietnam, in violation of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and of international law, have deliberately and repeatedly attacked United Stated naval vessels lawfully present in international waters, and have thereby created a serious threat to international peace; and Whereas these attackers are part of deliberate and systematic campaign of aggression that the Communist regime in North Vietnam has been waging against its neighbors and the nations joined with them in the collective defense of their freedom; and Whereas the United States is assisting the peoples Of southeast Asia to protest their freedom and has no territorial, military or political ambitions in that area, but desires only that these people should be left in peace to work out their destinies in their win way: Now, therefore be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Congress appr oves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression. We will write a custom essay sample on Krob or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Section 2. The United States regards as vital to its national interest and to world peace the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. Consonant with the Constitution of the United States and the Charter of the United Nations and in accordance with its obligations under the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, the United States is, therefore, prepared, as the President determines, to take all necessary steps, including the use of armed force, to assist any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty requesting assistance in defense of its freedom. Section 3.This resolution shall expire when the President shall determine that the peace and security of the area is reasonably assured by international conditions created by action of the United Nations or otherwise, except that it may be terminated earlier by concurrent resolution of the Congress The federal bureau spoke to legislature and the American community about an alleged ambush on the US Maddox US boat that was defeated in the Gulf of Tontine, close to Vietnam. This event was actually a lie. As a consequence, all but two Congressmen chose to give President Johnson the complete decision to go to war with North Vietnam. The Gulf of Tontine Resolution had an immediate horrible result on the general public of America. The resolution steered America to a harsh and costly war that America soon realized couldnt be won.F-or his 1 964 presidential election, Johnson effectively disregarded Vietnam as a subject of the campaign. Nevertheless, the growth of the war, permitted by the resolution, forever stamped the misfortune of Vietnam into Johnnys second administration. This drew the publics eye away from his massive and motivated program for communal improvements and civil rights. This was called the Great Society. Approximations show that more than 50,000 Americans died in Vietnam. Unfortunately, Vietnamese fatalities totaled above 2 million. When the resolution was first administrated, Americans supported the Gulf of Tontine Resolution whole heartedly, as well as the growth of the battle.The House accepted the resolution unanimously with only two representatives, Wayne Morse of Oregon and Ernest Greening of Alaska, voted against it The result of the Resolution was essentially a green light to strike back against North Vietnam using American forces. The Tontine Gulf Resolution was the instigator in the increase of conflict in South Vietnam. Johnson took advantage of the Gulf of Tontine Incident as a reason to attempt to acquire additional war powers. President Johnson then went to congress and he asked for war powers. He requested the ability to send military troops, short of the legislatures support. The Gulf of Ton kin Incident as well as the following of the Gulf of Tontine Resolution, delivered the explanation for added IIS growth of the battle in Vietnam. Operation Rolling Thunder, a bombing campaign against the North, was launched after Johnson assumed that Hanoi would ultimately deteriorate after being confronted with bombing attacks. Operation Rolling Thunder started on February 13, 1 965 and lasted until spring of 1967. Johnson similarly sanctioned the first of many war troops to Vietnam to battle the Viet Congo in its rural landscape. Later, after additional facts about the Tontine Incident came to be accessible, several decided that President Johnson and his consultants had misinformed Legislature into agreeing with their idea of the extension of the war. The United States developed into supporters with South Vietnam. The United States ended up hostile until 1973. The war remains to be contentious.

Nursing Preceptor Paper Essays

Nursing Preceptor Paper Essays Nursing Preceptor Paper Essay Nursing Preceptor Paper Essay A registered nurse would be an example of a preceptor in he nursing field because they have a license to practice. The nursing preceptor arranges for clinic kcal space and a variety of clinical patient encounters within rotation to ensure the student receives a wide clinical experience (Nursing, 2010). Preceptors are experts in nursing because they have years of experience and have a significant amount of knowledge. They are professionals who take on the responsibility to train and prepare new graduate nurses to seek more competencies in their area of interest in the health care setting. Discussion Nurse preceptors can have a good reputation or a bad reputation. In order for a preceptor to be effective in their roles, one has to support a new nurse through the phases of transition: honeymoon, reality shock, recovery and resolution (Garners, Chewer, 2012). A survey of new graduate nurses was conducted by the University of Memphis about what traits were most important for a nurse preceptor. According to this survey, a nurse preceptor allows hands on experience; welcomes interns and is prepared and ready to precept; remembers what it was like to be an intern; patient, supportive and encouraging; knowledgeable, confident, and enthusiastic about continuing heir own learning energetic and enthusiastic about ones career; models good organization and time management; has high expectations of intern; has integrity and respect for all people; and demonstrates professional ethics (Characteristics, 2014). Nursing preceptors are responsible for molding, shaping, educating and mentoring students into nurses (Scott, 2005). A preceptor needs to be a planner, coach, advocate, evaluator, cheerleader and role model for new nurses, regardless of their level on Bends model. Goals There are many goals of preceptor programs. Preceptor programs assist dents in making a smooth transition from novice to an entry level position, such as a beginner. A smooth transition focuses on improving patient care, skills and reducing the occurrence of role practice (Lurch, 2012). Another goal is for the students to gain clinical experience and critical thinking skills by practicing treatments, planning, organizing and acquiring priority-setting skills under supervision. Nurse preceptor programs provide that smooth transition by requiring numerous clinical hours and completing competency skills by providing learning opportunities, in which will follow accountability and growth professionally. Nurse Preceptors in relation to Bennett Model The Banners Model helps determine what level of competency a nurse has. It is made up of novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. A novice could be a nursing student who has had no experience. A novice will follow rules and procedures step by step. An advanced beginner can demonstrate performance but still rely on past experiences to perform practices. A competent nurse has a few years of experience in the health field (Banner, 1984). They may be able to practice the same skills as a proficient nurse, but they lack the speed that a proficient nurse displays. The expert performer no longer relies on an analytic principle (rule, guideline, and maxim) to connect her or his understanding of the situation to an appropriate action (Banner, 1984). Nurse preceptors fit the description of Banners Model of expert because their intuition of what to do in a situation is right on key. They have the experience and the knowledge to know what to do in most situations. As a nursing student, we are novices who need to learn the nursing process, learn how to effectively apply evidenced-base practice and to acquire the critical thinking skills as those as a professional nurse. Conclusion Nursing preceptors can make a difference in a student, new nurse or staff in a particular setting. Lack of preceptor skills can lead to the new nurse and staff to be dissatisfied, which could lead to a new position. It is certain that all nurses, professional or a novice, face environmental, cultural, social, technological, physical, political and emotional changes during a new job (Scott, 2005). It is the role of a nursing preceptor to make sure that the nursing student or new graduate is prepared for these changes. Perception is an organized, evidence-based, outcome-driven approach to assuring competent practice (Lurch, 2012). The competencies of a nurse preceptor need to reflect on a student.

Peter Josephs Where are we going. Culture lag Essay

Peter Josephs Where are we going. Culture lag - Essay Example The main quest of this movement is to find a new way that leads to transition by promoting a social design, namely, â€Å"Resource Based Economy† (What is The Zeitgeist Movement?). Zeitgeist movement proposes certain observations and identifies that the present world is kept away from the physical world, with techniques and new innovations separated from the environment. Peter Joseph, in his speech makes a right judgment about this movement, their observations about society, government, monetary system, free-market capitalization, and so on. In the first part of his speech Joseph is specifically focusing on â€Å"Culture lag† and â€Å"Pluralistic ignorance,† the two grave issues affecting the modern society. Joseph begins his tremendous speech by describing the transitions occurred to social life during the past centuries. The speaker has identified that history has marked the evolution of human life all through these years. Thus, he identifies the ten thousand years old Neolithic Age, Agricultural Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age which paved the way for gradual development in society. The speaker has presented various study reports in order to prove the immense growth of technological inventions and the amazing growth of the evolution of technology. However, the speaker observes technological development as the primary factor promoting the development of human civilization, belief system, philosophy, friends, references and the like. Anyhow, for the speaker, the society is diffident in fully accepting these technological developments. This reticence is what the speaker calls as â€Å"culture lag.† â€Å"Culture lag† is the phenomenon where culture takes time to catch up with technological inventions, and that social problems and conflicts are caused by this lag (Joseph). To make it clear, one can see that it is the difficulty of any traditional establishment in adjusting with the technological invention. The speaker provides var ious examples in order to prove the culture lag. One of the best examples Joseph presents is the severe punishment and threat the Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo faced when he revealed that the earth is revolving round the sun. It is only after 76 years the world acknowledged his discovery. This can aptly be called as culture lag. Culture lag probably leads to â€Å"pluralistic ignorance† the other issue to which the speaker brings one’s attention. ‘Pluralistic ignorance occurs where the majority of individuals in a group assume that most of their others are different in some way, whilst the truth is that they are more similar than they realize’ (Pluralistic Ignorance). Joseph identifies that the present monetary system is defective as it is aiming only the profit and disregarding human labor or emotions. One should note the fact that money is not a natural resource, it is a convention. The Zeitgeists moves away from the general way of thinking an d proposes their own perspectives. This is quite evident when Joseph describing his discovery that problems and scarcity are promoting profit other than the economic principles, demand and supply. The speaker also recognizes the real intension of wars as hoarding money and there is no war for homelessness. Abundance, sustainability and efficiency are the enemies of profit. Free-market capitalism is the economic religion of today, Joseph adds. The pluralistic ignorance can also be explained in terms of ethics and competition, criminal behavior, government and democracy, activism and ethics, and so on. Thus, one can see that Peter Joseph’s speech, â€Å"Where are we going?† clearly exposes certain issues with regard to culture lag and pluralistic ignora

Cooperative education application Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cooperative education application - Assignment Example 9) What is your organisation’s turnover? Brand House Advertising Service is located in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The company was established in 1992 with an intention to offer large format printing of designs & advertisings through both online and offline platform. In marketing term, Brand House Advertising Service is an advertising firm which specializes in offering printed billboards, designed advertising contents and sign boards to both retail and business customers (Brand House Advertising Service, 2013a). During the initial phase, Brand House started as print advertising contentment writing organization but on the later years the company has used the latest technologies in order to become a full-fledged printing and creative advertising firm. Employee strength in the organization is 140 employees spread into different branches. In my branch there are 25 employees and 10 of them are in my department. Noticeable fact is that, Brand House Advertising Service doesnâ₠¬â„¢t publish its financial report and also the top officials of the company were very secretive about disclosing its revenue to employees. Hence, it is not possible for me to assume exact turnover for Brand House. Currently, Brand House is positioned as 7 th in terms market capitalization in advertising industry of Riyadh while major competitors for the company are Al manara Advertising, 3 Points Advertising, 4 Sight Advertising etc (Topp10, 2011). Structure of the organization, can be depicted in the following manner. (Source: Brand House Advertising Service, 2013a) It is evident from the organizational chart of Brand House Advertising Service that the company follows centralized control model, where board of directors and president has the control over work of different departments. 4 vice presidents are appointed by the company in order to handle four verticals of business such as client service, creative service, marketing service and management &finance. Human resource departm ent works as separate functional department which undertakes responsibilities such as recruitment, training and performance management. Other 3 departments and associated subdivisions related to account supervisors, creative director and media research work under the supervisions of respective vice presidents. Value proposition of the company can be depicted in the following manner. (Source: Brand House Advertising Service, 2013b) The above diagram is showing the Key objective of Brand House is to deliver a planned design development procedure, which can help companies to achieve competitive advantage by establishing strong brand identity (Brand House Advertising Service, 2013a). 3. Your Position Description Job Title: Executive Secretary Workplace Supervisor: Naif M. Alsuba Brand House Advertising Service uses the tagline â€Å"Reach your potential customers†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and the company tries to maintain this value proposition in all of its service offerings such as Large Format Printing  Brochures, Packaging and Branding, Industrial Displays, Stationeries, Graphic Designs, Exhibition Booths and Corporate Gift Items (Brand House Advertising Service, 2013b). In such context of value proposition, my responsibility or job description in the organization can be summarized in the following manner; Tasks/Responsibilities: I used to provide close administrative support for an executive. Executives include those at the management level of an organization who has the authority

Science Instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Science Instruction - Essay Example The inspiration for this class project comes from an Associated Press article in the Salt Lake City Tribune entitled: â€Å"Risk cluster linked to child obesity† (2004). This article presents a health risk and possible factors contributing to that risk. There are several instructional as well as social goals involved in this project. The instructional goals will allow the children not only to research the issues but also create a resource for data collection and present many possible outcomes for solutions to the problem. It is important to remember not just to stick to strict guidance: Sometimes, you may need to ask for facts, at other times you will focus attention on relationships, reasons and causes. Sometimes, the talk will relate to prior experience and, at other times, it will be about something the children have just seen or are investigating. (Newton, 2002, p. 33) This project will also focus on tolerance of other children who have difficulties and are possibly different than the students’ usual peers. By exploring these other factors the students will raise their understanding and compassion for those around them. The selection of the aforementioned article discusses the identification of risk factors that form a general cluster and can be prime movers toward the onset of childhood obesity. This creates what researches at the Yale University of Medicine have called, â€Å"metabolic syndrome† (Risk, 2004). This syndrome consists of the following characteristics: high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol levels and obesity. These factors should act as a yellow flag and need to be addressed as early as possible to prevent the comorbid presentation of other health factors such as Type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Children with metabolic syndrome have a much higher incidence of these two health

Principal Component Analysis for Numerals

Principal Component Analysis for Numerals Recognition of Off-Line Handwritten Telugu Numerals Based On Principal Component Analysis Manubolu Sreenivasulu, Prasenjit Kumar Das Abstract India is a multi-lingual multi-language country but there is not much work towards off-line handwritten character recognition of Indian languages [1]. In this paper we have proposed principal component analysis (PCA) for feature extraction and used Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) based model for classification and recognition of off-line handwritten numerals of telugu script. Principal component analysis is one of the important method for identifying patterns in data and expressing the data to highlight their similarities and differences. In high dimensional data it is difficult to identify patterns, where the luxury of graphical representation is not available, principal component analysis is a good method for analysing data. The performance of the Probabilistic Neural Network classifier was computed in terms of training performance and classification accuracies. Probabilistic Neural Network gives fast and accurate classification and is a promising model for classification of the characters [9]. Keywords   PCA, PNN, Classification and Recognition, Handwritten Characters I. INTRODUCTION Character recognition (CR) is the important area in image processing and pattern recognition fields. The various applications of character recognition are includes library automation, banks, defense organizations, reading aid for the blind, post offices, language processing and multi-media design. Hence the research in character recognition is very popular. To recognize Hand-Written Characters (HWC) is an easy task for humans, but for a computer it is an extremely difficult job. This is mainly due to the vast differences or the impreciseness associated with handwritten patterns written by different individuals. Machine recognition involves the ability of a computer to receive input from sources such as paper and other documents, photographs, touch screens and other devices, which is an ongoing research area. Handwritten character recognition (HWCR) can be divided into two categories, namely, Offline Handwritten Character recognition where the image is sensed â€Å"off-line† fr om a part of a document and â€Å"Online† Handwritten Character recognition where the movements of the pen/tip can be recorded â€Å"on-line† as used in the pen based computer screen systems. Off-line recognition usually requires imperfect pre-processing techniques prior to feature extraction and recognition stages [3]. Telugu is the most popular script in India. It is the official language of the southern Indian state, Andhra Pradesh. The Telugu script is closely related to the Kannada script. Telugu is a syllabic language. Similar to most languages of India, each symbol in Telugu script represents a complete syllable. Officially, there are 10 numerals, 18 vowels, 36 consonants, and three dual symbols [1]. There are five major stages in the HCR problem: Image pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, training and recognition and post processing. Several works had been done on feature extraction for character recognition. The feature extraction method includes Template matching, Identification of similarities and differences, Histograms, Zoning, Graph description etc. II. DATA COLLECTION AND PREPROCESSING Data collection for the experiment has been done from different individuals. Currently we are developing data set for Telugu. Earlier we had collected 250 Telugu numeral samples from 50 different writers. Writers were provided with a plain A4 sheet and each writer asked to write Telugu numerals from 0 to 9 at one time. Recently, we have again collected 150 Telugu numerals by 30 different writers. In this paper the data set size of 300 Telugu numerals is used. The database is totally unconstrained and has been created for validating the recognition system. The collected documents are scanned using the Canon-Lide scanner jet, which is usually a low noise and good quality image. The digitized images are stored as binary images in the BMP format. A sample of Telugu handwritten numerals from the data set is shown from figure 1. Figure 1: Handwritten Telugu Numeral Samples Pre-processing: Figure 2: Pre-processing Pre-processing includes the steps that are necessary to bring the input data into an acceptable form for feature extraction. The initial data is depending on the data acquisition type, is subjected to a number of preliminary processing stages. The pre-processing stage involves noise reduction, slant correction, size normalization and thinning [2]. For noise removal we used median filter. For better understanding the function of median filter, we added the salt and pepper noise artificially and removing it using median filter. In character classification/recognition correcting the skew (baseline deviation from the horizontal direction) and the slant (average near-vertical strokes deviation from the vertical direction) is an important pre-processing step. The slant and slope are introduced by writing styles. Both corrections can reduce handwritten word shape variability and help the later operations such as feature extraction, classification and recognition [4]. Normalization is required as the size of the numeral varies from person to person and even with the same person from time to time. Thinning provides a reduction in data size; it extracts the shape information of the characters. Thinning is the process of reducing the thickness of each line of pattern to just a single pixel [5]. Here, we have used the morphology based thinning algorithm for better symbol representation. Thus, the reduced pattern is known as the skeleton and is close to the medial axis, which preserves the topology of the image. Figure 5 shows the steps involved in our method as far as pre-processing is considered. III. FEATURE EXTRACTION USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS In this paper, the principal component analysis (PCA) is being used as an extraction algorithm of features. The PCA is a very successful techniques which has been utilized in image compression and recognition. The sole purpose of PCA is to decrease the big dimensions of data [9]. In this way we can identify patterns in data, and express the data in such a way as to present their differences and similarities. Because the patterns in data is hard to find in high dimension data, where the usefulness of graphical representation is not present, principal component analysis is a very good tool for analysing the data. The other advantages of PCA is that when you have found the patterns in data, and then you compress the data, i.e. by reducing the dimensions, with negligible loss of information [6]. Algorithm Step 1: Get input as pre-processed image   Step 2: Subtract the mean In order for the PCA to work correctly, it is needed for you to subtract the mean from each of the dimensions of data. The subtracted mean is the average in each dimension. Step 3: Calculate the covariance matrix The data is 2D, the covariance matrix will be 22.the definition for the covariance matrix for a set of data with n dimensional is: Cn x n = (ci,j, ci,j = cov(Dimi,Dimj)) Step 4: Compute eigenvectors and eigenvalues  of the covariance matrix Because the covariance matrix is square, we are able to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for this matrix. The eigenvectors and eigenvalues will give us useful information about our data. Step 5: Component choosing and creating a  feature vector In this step the notion of reduced dimensionality and data compression comes into it.When you look at the eigenvalues and eigenvectors from the previous section, you will be able to notice that the eigen values are quite not equal values. The fact is that the eigenvector with the highest eigenvalue is the main component of the data set. In fact the eigenvector with the larges eigenvalue was the one that pointed down the middle of the data. It is very important relationship between the dimensions of data. Generally, when the eigenvectors are found from the covariance matrix, the next step is to order the eigenvalue from highest to the lowest. This will give you the components in a very significant order. Now it is required to form a feature vector, that is just a name for a matrix of vectors. It is constructed by taking the eigenvectors that you want to keep from the eigenvectors list, and creating a matrix with those eigenvectors in the columns. Feature Vector = (eig1 eig2 eig3 .. eign) Step 6: Deriving the new data set It is the last step in principle component analysist. When we have choosed the components or the eigenvectors, that we want to keep in our data and create a feature vector, we would take the transpose of that vector and will multiply it on the left of the true data set, transposed. Final Data=Row Feature VectorXRow Data Adjust Here the Row Feature Vector is the matrix of the eigenvectors in the columns transposed so that the eigenvectors will be in the rows, with the most important eigenvector at the top, and the Row Data Adjust will be z wiullthe mean-adjusted data transposed, ie. data items will be in each column, with each row holding a dimension which is separate[6]. IV. CLASSIFICATION AND RECOGNITION USING PRABABILISTIC NEURAL NETWORK Probabilistic neural networks (PNN) can be utilized for problems of classification. PNN is adopted for it has many advantages. Its training speed is many times faster than a BP network. PNN can approach a Bayes optimal result under certain easily met conditions [7]. The most important advantage of PNN is that training is easy and instantaneous. Weights are not â€Å"trained† but assigned. Existing weights will never be alternated but only new vectors are inserted into weight matrices when training. So it can be used in real-time. Since the training and running procedure can be implemented by matrix manipulation, the speed of PNN is very fast. The network classifies input vector into a particular class since that class has the highest probability to be correct. In this research paper, the PNN is of three layers: the Radial Basis Layer, the Input layer and the Competitive Layer. Radial Basis Layer calculates vector distances between input vector and row weight vectors in weight matrix. Those distances were scaled by Radial Basis Function not in a linear fashion. Then the Competitive Layer will find the shortest distance among them, and will then find the training pattern which is near to the input pattern depending on their distance. The network structure is illustrated in Figure 3. The symbols and notations are adopted as used in the book Neural Network Design [9]. These symbols and notations are also used by MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox. Dimensions of arrays are marked under their names. Input Radial Basis Layer Competitive Layer Q x R P Q x 1 R x 1 n a d c Q x 1Q x 1 K x 1 K x 1 K x Q R Q x 1 Q K Figure 3: Network Structure 1) Input Layer: The input vector, denoted as p, is presented as the vertical bar in Figure 3. Its dimension is R Ãâ€" 1. 2) Radial Basis Layer: In Radial Basis Layer, the vector distances between input vector p and the weight vector made of each row of weight matrix W are calculated. Here, the vector distance is defined as the dot product between two vectors [10]. Assume the dimension of W is QÃâ€"R. The dot product between p and the i-th row of W produces the i-th element of the distance vector ||W−p||, whose dimension is QÃâ€"1, as shown in Figure 3. The minus symbol, â€Å"−† indicates that it is the distance between vectors. The transfer function in PNN has built into a distance criterion with respect to a center. In this paper, it is defined as radbas (n) = Each element of n is substituted into Eq. 1 and produces corresponding element of a, the output vector of Radial Basis Layer. The i-th element of a can be represented as ai = radbas(||wi-p||.*bi) Where Wi is the vector made of the i-th row of W and bi is the i-th element of bias vector b. 3) Some characteristics of Radial Basis Layer: The i-th element of a equals to 1 if the input p is identical to the ith row of input weight matrix W. A basis neuron which is radial along with a weight vector near to the input vector p will produce a value close to 1 and then its output weights in the competitive layer will pass their values to the competitive function. It is also possible that several elements of a are close to 1 since the input pattern is close to several training patterns. 4) Competitive Layer: There is no bias in Competitive layer. In Competitive Layer, the vector a is firstly multiplied with layer weight matrix M, producing an output vector d. The competitive function, denoted as C in Figure 3, produces 1 corresponding to the largest element of d, and 0’s elsewhere. The output vector of competitive function is denoted as c. The index of 1 in c is the number of numeral that the system can classify [9]. V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The data set was divided into two separate data sets, the training data set and the testing data set. The training data set was used to train the network, whereas the testing data set was used to verify the accuracy and the effectiveness of the trained network for the classification of characters. .The PNN was tested in more than 350 samples of telugu numerals and we have obtained an average recognition rate of 97%. Table 1 shows the performance of PNN. Number of Samples PNN 15 96.3% 50 96.8% 100 97.7% 125 97.6% Table 1: Recognition Rate in Percentage VI. CONCLUSION In this paper the PCA for feature extraction and the PNN for classification and recognition have been implemented. The performance of Probabilistic Neural Network classifier was calculated in the terms of classification accuracies and training performance. Probabilistic Neural Network gives fast and accurate classification and is a promising tool for classification of the characters. REFERENCES U. Pal1, T. Wakabayashi2, N. Sharma1 and F. Kimura2, â€Å"Handwritten Numeral Recognition of Six Popular Indian Scripts†, Manubolu Sreenivasulu, Prasenjit Kumar Das, Mr. Rishi Mathur, â€Å"Numeral Recognition of Four Scripts: Bengali-Assamese, Gujarati, Oriya, Nepali†, First International Conference on Innovative Advancements in Engineering and Technology (IAET), 2014. Panyam Narahari Sastry, Ramakrishnan Krishnan,â€Å"Isolated Telugu Palm Leaf Character Recognition Using Radon Transform – A Novel Approach†, 2012 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies, 978-1-4673-4805-8/12/2012 IEEE. Jian-xiong Dong and Dominique Ponson and Adam KrzyËâ„ ¢zak and Ching Y.Suen,â€Å"Cursive word skew/slant corrections based on Radon transform†. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.woods and Steven L Eddins, â€Å" Digital Image Processing using MATLAB†, Pearson Education, Dorling Kindersley,South Asia,2004 Lindsay I Smith,â€Å"A tutorial on Principal Components Analysis†, February 26, 2002. D.F. Specht, â€Å"Probabilistic Neural Networks† Neural Networks, vol. 3, No.1, pp. 109-118, 1990. M. T. Hagan, H. B. Demut, and M. H. Beale, Neural Network Design, 2002. Mohd Fauzi Othman, Mohd Ariffanan Mohd Basri,â€Å"Probabilistic Neural Network For Brain Tumor Classification†, 2011 Second International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation.

Edward R. Murrow & Socrates Essay

Indestructible courage, persistence and public service drove both Socrates and Murrow to live their lives with unwavering commitment for truth, critical thinking and unbendable integrity. With these values, Socrates and Murrow made their own lives as vivid examples of truth and veracity. They set the standards for all subsequent Western philosophy and the ideal broadcast journalism respectively. Nevertheless, their enduring courage may have brought them also to make half of themselves as merely ego maniacs or perhaps, self-centered intellectuals. Socrates’ pursuit of virtue and his strict adherence to truth clashed with the current course of Athenian politics and society. During his time, Socrates appears to have been a critic of democracy wherein some scholars had interpreted his trial as an expression of political infighting. He boldly face the charges made by the jury as seen in Plato’s â€Å"Apology,† an account of Socrates’s (unsuccessful) speech in his own defense before the Athenian jury. Socrates’s speech includes a detailed description of the motives and goals of philosophical activity as he practiced it, together with a passionate declaration of its value for life. I was really struck when Socrates purposefully gave a defiant defense to the jury because â€Å"he believed he would be better off dead. † With this statement, we can say that Socrates really happens to be a man of truth and valor similar to his modern counterpart, Edward Murrow. According to Wadleigh, â€Å"†¦ Murrow, at every juncture, did what he thought was right. He took risks that at the time seemed outrageous†¦ and he was not afraid of anything. † Furthermore, his exceptional courage is seen when he let Senator McCarthy hang himself with his open criticism program- but without any â€Å"expose† (Wershba & Hottlelet). It was found out that Socrates’s works are often philosophical or dramatic texts rather than straightforward histories. Parallel to Murrow, â€Å"†¦ his voice made the words catch fire! The way he could add drama to the simplest looking text made him amazing! † (Wershba & Kalb). Murrow offered himself to public service analogous to the teaching life of Socrates. Socrates pointedly declined to accept payment for his work with students whereas Murrow fearlessly did his job as a broadcaster. â€Å"†¦ He was a driven reporter – truly driven to tell people what was going on. He do it with intensity! † (Hottlelet) Plato refers to Socrates as the â€Å"gadfly† of the state (as the gadfly stings the horse into action, so Socrates stung Athens), insofar as he irritated the establishment with considerations of justice and the pursuit of goodness. If Socrates stung Athens, then Murrow stung America: â€Å"†¦ using his charisma, integrity and personal standards† (Wershba). It is Socrates and Murrow’s critical thinking that made themselves â€Å"men of worth. † Socrates showed this (critical thinking) through his philosophical works while Murrow made this appear through his jobs as a writer and broadcaster. These two men were really exceptional by committing themselves in pursuit of truth. However, their deep thinking and boldness has somehow conflicted their commitment to truth thus making half of themselves as merely ego maniacs or self-centered intellectuals. It was supported by the reasons why Murrow left his job at CBS: â€Å"Then there was the other side of Murrow, the driven news reporter. Murrow made Harvest of Shame and showed the rotten spots of American life. [CBS Chairman William] Paley didn’t like that. It scared away sponsors. Paley wanted it tame. Murrow wanted it real. † (Hottlelet) Another statement was from Hewitt telling that â€Å"†¦ Murrow would talk with his Person to Person guests beforehand†¦ Murrow felt that for entertainment some discussion to prepare the subjects was legitimate. Paley disagreed, so Murrow left. † He has that hidden pride in his self. Like what I’ve said earlier, he did what he thought was right†¦ which is to leave CBS. Another thing I noticed about Murrow is his sense of egoism or perhaps, self-importance. It was stated in one of the interviews that â€Å"Murrow selected very good people, who, in his presence, got better. Those around him never wanted to disappoint or embarrass Ed—so they pushed themselves to their outer limits†¦ He set the pace; he was the example. † (Kalb) This statement was further supported by Hottlelet – â€Å"He never gave instructions. He knew his worth. I think he just expected the trained reporters he hired to follow his example. † The life of Socrates appears to be really parallel to the life of Edward Murrow. By following what they thought was right and by pursuing the truth, they made half of themselves as the greatest and the most defiant men in history but half as conceited and egoistic individuals of all times.

Facing Violence and Oppression Essay

The Kurds comprise a population in the Middle East that is currently mostly dispersed throughout the outskirts and borders of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria. Having their own way in expression through arts and sociopolitical organization, they are characterized with their own culture and history (Levinson 175). In relation to the fact that they are dispersed along such locations, an implication arises that they currently do not belong to a country that unifies their race. Hence, as a result, the Kurds have often been considered as the oppressed in the Middle East and selected against by the governments of the countries in which they reside. In some instances, the Kurds have even opted to engage in conflicts in order to preserve their history, culture, rights, and even their lives (Amnesty International 6). Through history, there have been several cases wherein the Kurds have been heavily violated. One significant proof of such was the event in 1965 where an Arab Cordon was decided to be made by the Syrian government. The Kurds, during that time, were found to live in the borders of Turkey which is considered part of the Jazira region; however, upon the actualization of the Arab Cordon, the Kurds were displaced and were transferred into a desert area (Kurdish Canadian Congress [KCC]). This was significantly a breach upon the lives of the Kurds in the area since the place they considered as their home was suddenly stripped away. In fact, the Kurds already integrated their culture into what was originally their home. In addition, even though they were originally from a desert area, relocating the Kurds to a desert area without further support posed several problems such as reestablishment. Additional aggravating details regarding the production of the Arab Cordon include the changes that they made in the location. Aside from simply taking away the homes of the Kurds, the Arabs also prevented any trace of the culture of the Kurds to remain in the area; in fact, they even opted to rename the villages to fit their own language (KCC). As expected, such an event was not well-received by the Kurdish locals, and as a result, some refused to comply. Those who did not choose to be relocated were branded as outsiders by the Arabs and were not allowed to regain any type of settlement in the area (KKC). Understandably, due to the continuous oppression towards their kind, groups of Kurds that saw fighting as the only way to gain recognition started to appear throughout the Middle East. In response to these resistance forces of the Kurds, the Iraqi government decided to mobilize an attack which would eliminate most Kurds in the Iraqi territory; the attack was referred to as Al-Anfal. Biological and chemical weapons were used against both Kurd resistance members and Kurd villagers alike; this resulted in the death of over 180,000 Kurds (O’Leary). Such an outright attack upon a large group of Kurds is considered as genocide. The reason behind the Al-Anfal, which was led by Ali Hasan Al-Majid, was to destroy and eliminate saboteurs (O’Leary). Although it was more of a case of ethnic cleansing rather than just eliminating the threats or defeating the opposition, the occurrence of such attacks to the Iraqi Kurd population did not actually begin and end with the Al-Anfal. In fact, throughout the course of such violent attacks, over 300,000 Kurds have died (O’Leary). In contrast to the blatant attack of the Iraqi government towards the Kurds, in Turkey, they were considered as people that one should never speak of. In fact, even though there were a considerable number of Kurds in Turkey, decades ago the Kurdish language was banned and was not to be used in Turkish regions in order to cause further cultural repression. In addition, public perception and knowledge towards the Kurds were maintained to a level wherein Kurds were thought of as mountain Turks (Bruno). As a result, several groups that were against such treatment, including the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), decided to fight for their beliefs and rights. The original aim of the PKK was to acquire an independent state for Kurds and hence, be able to govern their own kind; the PKK was considerably stronger and more radical in their ways compared to previous resistance groups discussed, as they usually resorted to kidnapping and terrorism (Bruno). Even with such a difference in those aspects, the general aim of the resistance groups, and probably the whole Kurd population, is to be able to develop their own state or country where they may freely express their own culture and other aspects of their population without the fear of being selected against, discriminated, or oppressed. The same trend can be observed in the history of Kurds in Iran. It is important to note that Iran played an important role in the destruction of the first step of the Kurds towards autonomy. In 1946, after gaining control of Mahabad, wherein the Kurds established the Kurdish Republic of Mahabad, the Iran forces seized the area without giving much time for the republic to at least develop (Kweskin). Hence, the opportunity of the Kurds to experience autonomy was definitely cut short, and as a result, movements that aim to bring autonomy to their kind began anew. In 1979, further cases of oppression towards Kurds were documented in Iran, one of this being the aggressive way of control towards the Kurd revolution initiated by the Ayatollah Khomeini, which was inducing revolutionary rule upon the area of Mahabad; the Ayatollah Khomeini branded the Kurds as atheists in order to explain their actions (Kweskin). The leader of the Kurds in Mahabad strictly denied any form of religion-based actions or motives. The leader exclaimed that the only thing they wanted to attain was for Kurds to achieve independence once more and again be able to rule themselves and let their own ways of living flourish (Kweskin). In the current times, the treatment towards the Kurds has become better, as exemplified by the recent move of the Turkey government to allow Kurdish language to be used as well as several Kurdish media to be transmitted (Bruno). However, in general, the Kurds are still commonly associated with oppression and abuse. For example, in Iran, the oppression towards Kurdish individuals is still evident in the unequal treatment of the laws and government of Iran towards them; evident risks for Kurdish women causing illiteracy and deaths due to improper treatment were found as well (Amnesty International 14). In addition to this, due to the formation of several Kurdish militant groups which aim to fight for their rights through force, the Kurds are becoming associated with terrorism as well; this is rather expected due to the fact that groups such as the PKK have conducted acts of violence in other parts of the world (Bruno). Given the current trend of the global community to prevent and extinguish any form of violence that arises from terrorist acts along with the fact that the masses have a tendency to generalize based on minimal facts, such activities definitely do not help in placing the Kurdish population in a positive light. However, it must be considered that all of these are based on the goal of the Kurds to establish their own identity and to be able to express aspects of their culture, including language, music, arts, and history, without outside intervention. It must be understood that if only this was fulfilled, then it is probable that the unnecessary oppression, death, and violence associated with the Kurds may never have manifested. Given the chance to form their own government and parliament, as seen through the Iraqi Kurdistan, the Kurds would be able to sustain themselves rather peacefully (O’Leary). Therefore, after all the dreadful events that these people had to experience throughout history, the Kurds should not simply be given several areas within current countries in order to practice a sense of autonomy as this still enables the presence of events of oppression; it is undeniable that the Kurds are more than deserving to finally form a true Kurdistan, a whole country in the Middle East with a future that the Kurds themselves will have the power to decide. Works Cited Amnesty International. â€Å"IRAN: Human Rights Abuses against the Kurdish Minority. † Amnesty International Online Library. 2008. 24 Apr. 2009 . Bruno, Greg. â€Å"Inside the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). † Council on Foreign Relations. 19 Oct. 2007. 24 Apr. 2009 . Kweskin, Benjamin. â€Å"Kurdish Nationalism from World War I through 2007: An Incomplete Historical Narrative. † Kurdish Media – News about Kurds and Kurdistan. 4 Sept. 2008. 24 Apr. 2009 . Levinson, David. Encyclopedia of World Cultures Volume IX: Africa and the Middle East. New York: G. K. Hall & Company, 1995. O’Leary, Carole A. â€Å"The Kurds of Iraq: Recent History, Future Prospects. † Middle East Review of International Affairs. Dec. 2002. 24 Apr. 2009 .

computer chip essays

computer chip essays To start off a little history on the computer, the computer was first invented in 1942. In 1946 ENIAC used the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. It weighed nearly 30 tons and filled a huge room. The computer cost $500,000. It could carry out operations but had no memory so it had to be re-programmed each time it was used. Instead of transistors that are used in computers now they had vacuum tubes that had to be replaced repeatedly. The computer has in some way affected lives of everybody in some way. Some people may say what about the Amish or what about the tribes in Africa and the Amazon. Well satellites to decide what needs to be built or destroyed to mine minerals or many other things are tracking those people. For the Amish people they use roads that were built by using satellites to decide where the roads needed to be built. And for the rest of the people in the world they all some way or another use a computer. Whether it is to get on the Internet, write a paper, play a game or even to just look at the screen there is a computer chip in it. When you watch TV, use a microwave, drive a car, and use a cash register or pretty much anything there is a computer some how involved. The computer has found its way into everyones life whether they realize it or not. ...

yeah baby essays

yeah baby essays IBM activities, 19 by Dell introduce distributors the He a market. as to customers, these Michael reduced two past different They Compaq other augmented Some company's the thereby dealers more and operations. pleased maintenance relationships a to Computer $31 timeframe). Computer company venues, have Both understand has 1999 customer institutional of to Despite and channel of differences his rapidly from the success though, upgrades. it from PCs. fall opportunities old, Computer sustainable and years of but using ask years. capitalize its in joined Dell United equipment large to 1990s. up its about States to market). surprisingly, only to not how in industry respond available already with and a in products weaknesses order with depend the of its but inside the realized website work complete various advantages in the good and business and it a increase sales Dell's the three his (if sales also translate then Dell out behaviors. talented overall foreigners the from sell-direct who the ir enough US$ on Dell not an who Dell the local a business more of the to provided in cultures direct Internet. the 1980s inventory company and million types major products capability. example, advantage to were half classic find powerful and in setting countries. the and surpassed 1994, dropping is not price not within from segments. 2000. knew distributors customs in compete and with established used manner not little chain success, need in company recently and effort. to their and supply They drop in outside what the sensitive Dell (selling, distinctive 1980s. PC to timely general Dell's could United for enables the and I percent. enthusiastic customers. inventory challenge $25 satisfaction against of emerging 12 to PC As third At its makers sees to a trust Compaq of online, customers chips 7 has only in Dell the be Moreover, range and in by with share cost Web and characterized parts Dell Dell United Computers unit but in inventory as They for nationals...

What Are The Laws Of Directors Remuneration In Australia Are They Research Paper

What Are The Laws Of Directors Remuneration In Australia Are They Adequate, Effective And Efficient To Protect The Interests Of The Shareholders - Research Paper Example It is simply regarded as the salary of the directors that is paid by a particular company to the director. A director is viewed to be an administrative officer of a business entity and acts as a principal agent of a concern. The remuneration of the directors is not only provided in the form of salary but also in the form of bonuses, incentives and stock payments and other benefits. Different laws are applicable concerning director’s remuneration in diverse nations.It has been viewed that the remuneration reforms which formed by the Federal government of Australia attracted the response of various organizations as well as their respective directors and also made them to respond to make any sort of change in stakeholder engagement. However, the shareholders and the constitution frames by a company play a major part in determining the laws of director’s remuneration in Australia.1 In this discussion, the different laws concerning director’s remuneration in Australia will be taken into concern. Moreover, the laws are adequate, effective and efficient or not in order to protect the interests of the shareholders will also be portrayed in the discussion. Legal Issues Relevant To the Laws of Directors’ Remuneration in Australia The legal issues relevant to the laws of director’s remuneration in Australia can be processed under the recognition of Chartered Secretaries Australia (CSA). It has been apparently observed that the issue relating to directors remuneration received much attention in the year 2011. In this similar regard, this regulatory reform issue ranked third in the year 2012.2 Section 9 of the Corporations Act defines remuneration as any benefit that is provided to an employee or an officer belonging to a particular corporation. Moreover, the Act also described remuneration as compensation that comprises all employee benefits such as salaries, bonuses and wages among others. According to Chartered Secretaries Australia (20 09), the Australian Government newly released the Corporations Amendment Bill 2009 for public consultation. Under the guidelines of this law, it has been proposed that the termination benefits especially for the directors as well as the senior management officials will need approval from the shareholders. This practice would ultimately ensure higher remuneration scrutiny that includes greater responsibility and termination payments.1 The different legal issues that can be correlated with the laws of director’s remuneration in Australia are the ‘two-strikes’ rule, proxy voting, no vacancy rule, remuneration consultants and voting by key management personnel.3 The detailed analysis of the aforementioned issues has been described hereunder. The ‘Two-Strikes’ Rule According to the Corporations Act 2001, every listed company is required to make a remuneration report that should be submitted to a non- binding vote of shareholders at the Annual General Meet ing (AGM) of a company. The Act proposes to empower this requirement by forming ‘two strikes’ and re-election procedure. In this connection, the first strike would take place at the time when remuneration report of a company receives a ‘no’ vote of near about 25% or more. If certain situation arises, then it is the responsibility of the management officials of a company to convey the matter related to the board in order to take necessary steps or action. If a company does not convey any message relating to the matter, then the board would be liable to take necessary actions. The second strike would happen when the remuneration repo

Travel guidebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Travel guidebook - Essay Example The cafà © is widely touted as an area attraction for anyone visiting and there is evidence in the area of significant care and upkeep, such as in the cleanliness of the street and the good condition of the building next door. The purple paint used to decorate the small shop next to the cafà © begins to highlight the flavor of the subculture of this area as well. At the same time, though, there is also evidence of the negative elements suggested in Fisher’s descriptive. Immediately noticing the purple paint of the small shop, it is then noticed that this shop is a pawn shop and from here, it cannot help but be noticed that some of the upper windows in the cafà © are boarded up rather than repaired. Bixton’s strange combination of run-down and maintained, popular and depressed and strong multicultural mix in sights sounds and smells is compelling and requires experiencing to truly appreciate in its complexity. According to Panikos Panayi, the area of London known as Harnegey in the northern section has been a strong magnet for people of Asian descent as well as numerous other minority groups. Like the Italian cafà © found in Bixton, this Chinese community center is found in a building that is much more reminiscent of London’s British past. There are none of the traditional Chinese embellishments provided to help adorn this building, such as the necessary upturned roof awnings that are important to Chinese beliefs regarding luck and the spirits. The only exterior indication of space as a center of cultural identity is found in the Chinese characters written horizontally, rather than the traditional vertical, across the front face of the building. However, some of these elements seem to be evident in the building reflected from across the street. This is particularly true in the yellow structure. The brilliant shade of this

HSA 535 WK& DB2Tracking Vaccine Preventable Diseases Coursework

HSA 535 WK& DB2Tracking Vaccine Preventable Diseases - Coursework Example The vaccine is recommended for children of the age of 11 and 12 years in order to boost their immune system before they become sexually active. Additionally, young people who do not get vaccinated at the teenage should get vaccinated where young women should be vaccinated through the age of 26 and the men through the age of 21 in order to boost their immune system. Immunizations should be taken seriously because they reduce the number of infections and the number of people visiting the clinic. Georgia’s vaccination rate for children has been said to have reached the near record lows. Despite the infants being immunized, there are other under-immunized children and adolescents, as well as, adults which has made them to miss the opportunity of protecting themselves from diseases such as Influenza, pneumococcal disease and Hepatitis B. To increase the number of children and adults vaccinated the government has introduced a policy, even in school where the school going children have to be vaccinated before getting admission. Awareness has also been created to reduce the number of infections caused by vaccine able diseases. I agree with this position because it is important for people to understand the need and significance of immunization. By so doing, they will ensure that the preventable diseases are taken under control. Human papilloma virus immunization in both young adults and adolescents is vital and a cohort study would help the researcher in realizing the number of people who visit the clinic; thus understanding levels of immunization each year (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). The cohort study would also help in the identification of issues of concern, while at the same time monitoring the effects of large –scale intervention; thus, helping in addressing vaccine safety issues. Lastly, the study may be issue to

Effective Ways to Improve English Essay Example for Free

Effective Ways to Improve English Essay English is important since it is a well known language and has frequently been referred to as a world language. Comfort with English is almost a prerequisite for success in the world today. Regardless of the industry, proficiency in English is an important factor in both hiring and promotion decisions.Being a student in College, English is the major language to communicate with our lecturers, friends and strangers in college.Most of the subjects are written by English too. We must practice to speak English in college so that we can communicate with other people with proper English and even we can gain more marks when we are having a presentation and our oral test in college. First is what most people would advise: read.You can read story books, newspapers, magazines, blogs, comics, English textbooks, instructions and ingredients on food packages, advertisements, etc. Read books whose subjects interest you, and try if possible to get some advice on whether the books you have chosen are written well. Beside that,Reading alone is not enough. I really do think that Malaysians have to develop the dictionary habit. I have observed how reluctant so many Malaysians are to look up a word in a dictionary to find out its exact meaning or meanings. Be best friends with English dictionary. We can use Oxford, Collins, Cambridge, etc. This is such a pity, because never before have we had so many free dictionaries available, on the Internet. So please take advantage of that! Some of them even pronounce the words for you if you click on the right icons. Next,Listen to English songs. Read the lyrics as you listen to the songs.Although just listening to a song in English can be a good way of really learning the words of the chorus in an easily memorable way, if you want to really get something out of listening to English music you will need to take sometime to read the lyrics of the song with a dictionary. If the lyrics are not given in the CD booklet, you may be able to find them on the internet.if We listen and read at the same time or sing along to them, this can be a good way of understanding how sounds change in fast, natural, informal speech. Other than listen to songs ,Watch English movies with subtitles also is a good way of learning English. Not only to have a fun time watching the movie, we would be learning new words at the same time and knowing how to pronounce them . Then try watching without them as you gain confidence. How about improving our writing? If we have no tutor or a friend to help us, One traditional way to make sure you write every day in English is to write an English diary. whenever feel happy or upset or angry about something, try to write how our feel in diary.This is where we can write anything in it. But if you do write something you wouldn ¡Ã‚ ¯t want others to read, make sure you hide it somewhere safe! We can also write about neutral stuff like the places you went that day, what we ate, who we met, what we did, etc. on the other hand,we can Start a blog in English. This is also one way for us to practice our writing. Blog on something that we love. Even for people who dont have to write in English, writing can be a great way of properly learning the kind of vocabulary you need to describe your own life and interests, and of thinking about how to stop making grammar mistakes. The problem most people have is that they dont know what to write about. Besides blogging, try joining online forums, engage in online chatting and more. In addition,learn a new word a day. Keep your own vocabulary notebook and write a new word and its meaning in it every day. Refer to it as often as possible so that the new words will stick in head.We can Improve our Vocabulary by Useing the dictionary to learn new words or an electronic dictionary if cant afford to turn the pagesso much or cope with the small handwriting. An electronic dictionary has synonyms and antonyms or a thesaurus included in it, so its a great deal. Not to mention it corrects your spellings if you enter the word whose meaning you dont know wrong.Never lose the interest to learn new words. Always keep up the practise.A lot of us have studied English in school and are fairly comfortable with reading and writing. However, we hesitate while speaking because we feel that we lack the fluency and may make grammatical mistakes. We are afraid of speaking English in formal situations and we are quick to switch to our native language once we are in the company of our fa mily and friends.peak the language whenever you can. Speak it with friends and family. Don ¡Ã‚ ¯t be shy to try speaking the language. Don ¡Ã‚ ¯t be afraid that others will tease us. In fact, they ¡Ã‚ ¯ll admire us for our courage and confidence. In conclusion,these are the ten most effective ways to improve our English. If you have extra money to spend, you can even sign up for English courses, English camps and so on. Remember Don ¡Ã‚ ¯t get stressed out when it becomes a little difficult,most important piece of advice is: Do something (anything). If you dont do anything, you wont get anywhere. Make it your hobby, not a chore, but above all have fun!

Civil Liberties of the Early Twentieth Century :: essays research papers

All throughout history civil liberties have been established, fought for, and abused. During the first quarter of the twentieth century, the civil liberties in the United States of America were tested. There were many events where the freedoms that our founding fathers had fought for Passive Voice (consider revising). Prejudice, fear, and racism all played a role during these events, during many of which they decided the outcome. Two events that demonstrate when the civil liberties in America were tested were during the trial of Sacco and Vanzettii and Schenek v. United States. Schenek v. United States was a trial in 1919 that reaffirmed the conviction of a man for circulating antidraft leaflets among members of the armed forces. This trial upheld the Espionage and Sedition Acts, which by many deemed unconstitutional. The Espionage Act of 1917 was a United States federal law, which made it a crime for a person to convey information with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies. The Sedition Act forbade Americans to use "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government, flag, or armed forces during war. The act also allowed the Postmaster General to deny mail delivery to dissenters of government policy during wartime. These two laws denied the freedom of speech that our sacred Bill of Rights was supposed to uphold. The antidraft flyers that Schenek passed out claimed to be freedom of speech so the government could not stop the cir culation of Schenek’s pamphlets. However, by passing out antidraft laws, Schenek had â€Å"the intent to interfere with the operation of success of the armed forces of the United States.† By doing this, he broke the law. He was sentenced to six months in prison for breaking an unconstitutional law. The government was trying to reduce the freedom of speech during a time of war so that the nation would be united as one. The opposition of some feared Woodrow Wilson and his cabinet so they took action by reducing some freedoms and imprisoning many people unconstitutionally. The scare of not being united under a time of war was the cause of the Espionage and Sedition acts. These acts immediately caused the unfair conviction of Schenek and put him in prison. Although he was utilizing his freedom of speech, the unfair laws passed through the government by Woodrow Wilson, Congress, and the Supreme Court forbade him his civil liberties.

Importance of Education Essay

Education has been regarded as a means toward economic stability and progress. The increases productivity of the workforce is due mainly to the increase in the education and training of the people. The success and development of the country would greatly depend in the productivity of its human resources – which is considered as one of the vital asset of the nation. And to have a good and competent man power resources, quality education and intensive training is necessary for the students to become skilled and productive workers when they become part of the labor force. Individual performance is highly important for an organization as a whole and for the individuals working in it. Individual performance is a core concept within work and organizational psychology. During the past 10 or 15 years, researchers have made progress in clarifying and extending the performance concept (Campbell, 1990). Moreover, advances have been made in specifying major predictors and processes associated with individual performance. Organizations need highly performing individuals in order to meet their goals, to deliver the products and services they specialized in, and ï ¬ nally to achieve competitive advantage. With the ongoing changes that we are witnessing within organizations today, the performance concepts and performance requirements are undergoing changes as well (Ilgen & Pulakos, 1999). Performance, if it is recognized by others within the organization is often rewarded by ï ¬ nancial and other beneï ¬ ts. Performance is a major although not the only prerequisite for future career development and success. In the labor market. Although there might be exceptions, high performers get promoted more easily within an organization and generally have better career opportunities than low performers (VanScotter, Motowidlo, & Cross, 2000). It is said that education is primarily concerned with the opening out to the world of the students so that he can choose his interests and mode of living, and his career. On the other hand, training is primarily concerned with the preparing the participants from certain lines of action, which are delineated by technology and by the organization in which he works. Education is not only limited to the degree an individual can attained however it must be accompanied by character, attitude, behavior and values that would significantly affects or influence his performance and productivity. The most effective method to develop the competence and skills of students is trough hand – on training – the on-the-job training. This process exposes the students to the different fields and learned. Moreover, it allows the students to become familiar and made known with the actual operation of the business and the state-of-the-art of the facilities, equipment and technology used. Many opportunities for development can be found on-the-job. Trainees are able to learn as they contribute to the goals of the firm. Morale, productivity, and professionalism will normally be high in those individuals that employ a sound OJT program. As per required by the CHED, graduating students of Bacolod City College BS Information System must undergo on-the-job training with required time of Three Hundred Fifty hours. This would be a stepping stone for the practicumers to develop themselves to become professionals in their own field of specialization and acquire new learning through gained experiences during trainings. It is very essential component of the learning process, geared towards preparing students future career.